过渡型小麦品种在我国非过渡地带早播条件下的生育表现

１９８８～１９９０年，用过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐进行早春播，在西南冬播麦区的昆明和贵阳进行早播，生长发育均正常。与当地春型小麦品种相比，成熟期因各地生态条件不同而有差别。在营养生长、营养生长和生殖生长并进、生殖生长这三大生育阶段中，过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐表现长—短—长的“两长一短”现象，而在昆明和贵阳则表现“三长”现象。田间春化的温度条件较宽，在日均温０～１５℃范围内均可。开花前，对日长要求不严格。生理拔节—抽穗期间的天数与同期间的“平均光温积”之间呈极显著负相关，表现温光互作效应。在一定温度范围内，抽穗—成熟天数与此期间日均温呈极显著负相关。与春型小麦品种相比，过渡型品种的千粒重较高。通过在我国非过渡地带试验，从生长发育上，过渡型小麦品种表现了较强的生态适应性     

若干阔叶树树冠各层叶气孔密度及光照条件对气孔密度的影响

４０种阔叶树树冠的外、中、内层同龄叶中，均以外层叶的气孔密度最高，其次为中层叶，内层叶气孔密度最低。新银合欢和马尖相思幼苗在高光照强度下所形成的叶气孔密度最高，中等光照者次之，低光照者最低。在蓝光照射下形成的叶气孔密度最高，其次为红光照射者，自然漫射光下最低。这说明光照强度和光波长对气孔密度有深刻影响。     

Influence of fertilization and organic amendments on organic‐carbon fractions in Heilu soil on the loess plateau of China

The influence of fertilization on organic‐carbon fractions separated by density and particle size in Heilu soil (Calcic Kastanozems, FAO) was investigated in a 20‐year (1979–1999) long‐term experiment on the Loess Plateau of China. Compared to an unfertilized treatment, N application alone did not increase total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions of density and particle size. However, the treatment of N + P fertilization significantly increased salty‐solution–soluble organic carbon (SSOC), microbial biomass C (MB‐C), and organic C associated with fine silt. When manure was applied alone and in combination with N and P fertilizer, the light fraction of organic C (LFOC), SSOC, and MB‐C were increased significantly, and the TOC was as high as that of a native Heilu soil. Organic C associated with different particle‐size fractions was also increased significantly, and the allocation of C among the fractions was altered: the proportions of C in sand (>50 μm), coarse‐silt (20–50 μm), and fine‐clay (<0.2 μm) fractions were increased whereas fine‐silt (2–20 μm) and coarse‐clay (0.2–2 μm) fractions were decreased. It is concluded that N fertilizer alone is not capable of restoring organic‐matter content in the Heilu soils of the Loess Plateau and that C‐containing material like manure and straw is necessary to produce significant increase in soil organic carbon in these soils.     

黄土丘陵区翻白草光合特性的研究

运用开放式气体交换LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,测定了自然条件下黄土丘陵区翻白草(Potentilladiscolor Bunge)的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cs)及其光响应曲线.(1)翻白草净Pn日进程呈"单谷"型曲线,在早晨800,Pn为全天最大值14.91μmol/(m2·s);至1400,Pn降到最小值0.13 μmol/(m2·s),植物进入"午休"状态.(2)翻白草的光补偿点为51.4μmol/(m2·s),光饱和点为527μmol/(m2·s),表观量子效率为0.056 6,说明翻白草属于典型的阳生植物.(3)在光响应过程中,随着有效光辐射强度(RPA)的增强,翻白草的蒸腾速率(Tr)一直处于上升趋势,与Gs变化趋势完全一致,二者呈指数关系.翻白草WUE随RPA的增强呈抛物线状变化,在初始阶段,WUE增加较快,RPA为800 μmol/(m2·s)时,WUE达到最大值4.68 mmol/mol之后,WUE开始逐渐降低,但是变化较小.     

Development of stump suckers by betula pubescens at different light intensities

Young trees (4–5 year old) of Betula pubescens Ehrh. growing in a stand in the middle of Sweden (lat. 60°15'N) were cut in early June to stump heights of 0 and 10 cm. The birch stumps were exposed to different relative light intensities (100, 50, 25 and 10%) for 100 days until mid September. Five stumps per treatment were used in a randomized complete block with seven blocks on mesic dwarf‐shrub type with low herbs and three blocks on moist dwarf‐shrub type. The number of sprouting stumps was correlated with relative light intensity and forest type. 2.5 % of the stumps of mesic and 14 % of moist forest type did not produce suckers. On mesic forest type, 7% of the stumps exposed to 10% light did not sprout compared with 1.4, 3.0 and 0% at 25, 50 and 100% light, respectively. At stump height 0 cm fewer sprouting stumps were produced than at 10 cm. The mean height of suckers was significantly lower at 10% light intensity than at other levels. The number of suckers per sprouting stump was not related to light intensity but to forest type. More suckers were produced on mesic than on moist forest type. The dry weight of suckers was significantly lower at 10 and 25% relative light intensity than at 50 and 100%. On moist forest type, the dry weight of suckers was lower than on mesic forest type.     

光技术在我国农业种植中的应用现状及发展趋势

在简单介绍农作物光照特性的基础上,总结了我国近几十年来光技术在农业种植中的应用和发展情况,指出了目前存在的不足,并分析了未来的发展趋势。     

多层写字楼施工技术实例分析

本文主要对单体用钢量大、楼层高的多层写字楼的施工进行技术分析,为今后此类型工业建筑施工工艺水平的提高提供成功的经验。     

歧管式高压射流水下洗网机的设计

文章针对深水网箱养殖过程中岸电供应不便而给网衣的水下清洗带来极大困难的问题，研制了歧管式高压射流水下洗网机，克服了高压仓式洗网机水头损失大的缺点。通过水力学计算得到歧管式高压射流水下洗网机射流压力P=5．57MPa、喷嘴孔径d=2．6mm、射流速度v=104．1m·s。和射流功率P=12．3kW、射流反冲力F=234．96N。水下洗网机的海上清洗试验表明，在工作泵满足工作压力和设计流量条件下，歧管式高压水射流水下洗网机的综合性能达到了设计要求。